Health Issues Of The New Zealand Essay - 1726 Words

In New Zealand Maori’s are facing many health related issues. This essay is about a health issue relevant to Maori population. Cardiovascular disease as the most common health issue among Maori. The essay explores the details of CVD and its relevant demographics. The importance of the Treaty of Waitangi in this context and explained the historical factors relevant to CVD. Finally, a significant health policy related to CVD is described and a community health programme is identified to implement the health strategy. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is considered as one of the most common disease condition among Maori. CVD is a group of diseases include ischaemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure, rheumatic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke) and other forms of vascular and heart disease (Northland DHB, 2007). Ischaemic heart disease: Ischaemic heart disease is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease or heart disease in New Zealand and it may cause angina, heart failure and myocardial infraction. In 2000-2004 New Zealand health survey reported that, around 18% for Maori deaths are because of ischemic heart disease, whereas 23% of non-Maori (Robson, B Harris, R. 2007). Stroke: Stroke is also known as ‘brain attack’, is a sudden interruption of blood flow to a part of the brain, causing damage to the brain cells. Stroke is the leading cause of mortality as well as disability in New Zealand. The main risk factors are high blood pressure andShow MoreRelatedA New Zealand Health Issue : Teen Pregnancies1404 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyse a New Zealand health issue: Teen Pregnancies A health issue is something that affects the well-being of groups or populations in a way that causes (public) concern. 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Childhood obesity is one of these. In the last ten years, childhood obesity incidence has risen dramatically with one in nine children being obese (Ministry of Health, 2013). Obesity is defined as an individual

Race And Ethnicity Biological And Sociological Factors

Race and Ethnicity both relate to biological and sociological factors respectively, and even though they can overlap, they are distinct. The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics (which usually result from genetic ancestry). Race presumes shared biological or genetic traits, whether actual or asserted and the category to which others assign individuals on the basis of physical characteristics. Races are assumed to be distinguished by skin color, eye color or hair type. However, the scientific studies based on racial distinctions show that racial genetic differences are very weak except in skin color (National Association of Social Workers, 2015). Ethnicity, however, refers to cultural factors including nationality, regional culture, ancestry, heritage, religion, customs and language. It refers to the origin of one s ancestors for example Black or African-American originated in Africa, White or Caucasian originated in European countries, Asian originated in Asia; Hispanic originated in Latin American and so on. An ethnic group or ethnicity is a population group whose members identify with each other on the basis of common nationality or shared cultural traditions so one has to conform to certain practices in order to be considered as belonging to a certain ethnic group. Ethnic identity is reflective of cultural practices as well as the acquisition and maintenance ofShow MoreRelatedRace And Ethnicity : Biological And Sociological Factors957 Words   |  4 PagesRace and Ethnicity both relates to biological and sociological factors respectively and even though they can overlap, they are distinct. 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President Bill Clinton praised Murray’s analysis by claiming that it was correct in all areas, but that his resolutionsRead MoreThe Causes Of Deviant Behavior, Psychological Approach And Sociological Approach1676 Words   |  7 Pagescauses of deviant behaviour, including biological approach, psychological approach and sociological approach. This essay will be using two criminological perspectives which are the biological and sociological explanations to analyse the causes of crime in depth, and evaluate the two perspectives and the related criminological evidence. Sociology encompasses a very wide range of theoretical perspectives, especially crime and deviance, in which sociological criminologists particularly focus on emphasisingRead MoreThe Perspective On Income And Privilege Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesI agree with the interactionist perspective. Certain races or ethnicities are advantageous when obtaining power and privilege. For example, White households have a higher income than non-White Hispanics or Blacks. The data provided on page 82 illustrates the income gap, â€Å"Black household had the lowest median income in 2013 ($34,598), non- Hispanic White households ($58,270). Median income for Hispanic households was $40,963† (Leon-Guerrero 2016). This data obtained from the U.S. Census reveals thereRead MoreRace: The Start of It All779 Words   |  4 PagesRace â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† ― Martin Luther King Jr. The world has implemented segregations amongst our societies for millennia. Simply by observing society it is evident that it is drawn to isolate and divide itself into subgroups depending on distinct factors. 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Ethnicity is a generalRead MoreEssay Ethnic Inequality in Health Care1723 Words   |  7 Pagesgive an overview of the existence of inequalities of health related to ethnicity, by providing some evidence that ethnic inequality in health is a reality in the society and include definitions of keywords. Secondly, I will bring forward arguments for and against on the major sociological explanations (racial discrimination, arefact, access to and quality of care) for the existence of health inequalities related to ethnicity. Thirdly, I would also like to take the knowledge learnt for this topicRead MoreEradication of Race Labels1228 Words   |  5 Pages Race labels have been present in society for hundreds of years. However, the concept of race has not always existed. In ancient times, while people were often divided by characteristics such as class and religion, they were never divided by the color of their skin. â€Å"Race† in the context of classifying humans was not even used in the English language until 1508 in a poem by William Dunbar (California Newsreel, 2003). Today, race defines most of the things that we do. For example, we are asked about

Sleep Is The Body s Way Of Cleansing - 1556 Words

Sleep is essential; every living things needs sleep. Sleep is the body s way of cleansing itself; without it our bodies could not function. Sleep has multiple health benefits effecting every aspect of our lives; sleep is so essential for the body that humans spend 1/3 of their lives asleep. Humans have been fascinated with sleep throughout history; several early scientist like Aristotle in 350 CE who formed a hypothesis that sleep was a form of physical renewal (Borel, 2014). Humans know little about sleep and see it as a inconvenience, we take sleep for granted and the repercussion of not getting enough sleep is not healthy. Sleep deprivation impacts ones overall health by contributing to multiple primary biological functions. Every†¦show more content†¦During the light sleep stage the eyes stop moving completely and the heart rate and breathing rate decrease causing body temperatures to drop. During this stage the brain starts sending out k-complexes, which help by blockin g out outside noises and are essential to entering the next stage (Borel, 2014). During deep sleep the brain produces oscillating electrical signals, these help the bodies muscles relax causing blood pressure to drop (Stickgold, 2015). Deep sleep is the stage in which the body goes through the most physical restorative phrase (Borel, 2014). During deep sleep tissue growth and repairing occurs, and the brain release growth hormones that helps develop muscles (Whats Happens, 2015). During deep sleep the body is in its most vulnerable state while the brain retains memories from throughout the day. Without sleep our brains could not process information and clear space for new memories (Stanley, 2015). The changes in the brain as it ages are associated with decrease in deep sleep, this creates a problem for the brain because it becomes harder to retain memory (Borel, 2014). Sleep is essential to many of the bodies biological functions, Dr. James Maas says the knowledge about sleep, just like knowledge about nutrition and exercise, is essential to your life, for happiness, productivity, and general health ( Maas, James). They re multiple health benefits that the body endure while asleep that are essential

Essay on The Great Gatsby Research Report - 1248 Words

I. Introduction In 1896 F. Scott Fitzgerald was born in St. Paul, Minnesota. After growing up in Minnesota he moved to start a career and marry Zelda, the girl he loved. He published his first novel, This Side of Paradise, in 1920; the novel was a success and Fitzgerald quickly became one of the most famous young writers of the time. â€Å"F. Scott Fitzgerald eagerly embraced his newly minted celebrity status and embarked on an extravagant lifestyle that earned him a reputation as a playboy and hindered his reputation as a serious literary writer†(F. Scott Fitzgerald Biography 2). The parties thrown by Jay in The Great Gatsby reflect Fitzgerald’s extravagant lifestyle. Excessive amounts of drinking, large crowds, parties lasting long†¦show more content†¦Myrtle is an arrogant, plump woman that secretly visits with Tom without letting her husband George know. George Wilson owns a car repair shop in the Valley of Ashes. He is friends with Tom Buchanan and obliviously al lows his wife to see Tom when they go into New York City. Jay Gatsby lives across the bay from the Buchanan’s on the West Egg. Many stories surround his life and past, and the stories are all elaborate and unbelievable. Gatsby is an ambitious but lonely man, living alone in his large mansion. Jordan Baker is a friend of Gatsby and the Buchanan’s. She golfs professionally and acts much more seriously than her friend Daisy. III. Themes The American Dream plays a large role in how characters in The Great Gatsby go about their lives. During the 1920’s, the promise of a wealthy and carefree life in America tempted everyone. Very few actually lived the American Dream, but those living on the West and East Eggs were some of them. â€Å"The American dream comes true for just 1%: for the other 99%, only discontent and bitterness await, resentment on a mass scale†(Churchwell). The frequent parties and thoughtless behavior that happened at Gatsby’s mansion illustrated what living the American Dream was really like. In The Great Gatsby every character lives based off of some form of hope- whether that is financial success or marrying the girls of their dreams. The hopes that motivate these characters are often outShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby And F. Scott Fitzgerald1456 Words   |  6 Pagesmy cocky and immature counterparts. The Great Gatsby and F. Scott Fitzgerald American novelist Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, best known by his pen name F. Scott Fitzgerald, is regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century, his stories coinciding with the Jazz Age. Most notable of his many novels is The Great Gatsby. Many see this piece as being quite similar to his own life, that characters such as the novel s protagonist Jay Gatsby and narrator Nick Carraway reflect thisRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesN. Bhaskar Ms. Budacki American Literature 19 December 2013 Author Report on F. Scott Fitzgerald F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the greatest American authors. Many of Fitzgerald’s novels are considered classics and will forever be read. Fitzgerald is most known for his novels detailing the youth of America in the 1920s to the 1930s. Many of these books that Fitzgerald wrote are based of his life experiences. Fitzgerald is considered a literary genius and also lived a very interesting life. Read MoreThe Problem Of Drugs And Drugs1471 Words   |  6 Pages In American literature and history, Americans have been characterized as people who rely upon drugs and alcohol to aid them through life. For the past 20 years, CASAColumbia, a science-based organization, have consistently conducted research and published reports that includes statistics on abuse of alcohol and drugs: 40 million Americans ages 12 and older —or more than 1 in 7 people— have addiction involving nicotine, alcohol or other drugs. This is more than the number of Americans with heartRead MoreTheme Of Guilt In The Great Gatsby1118 Words   |  5 PagesIn the United States, about half of â€Å"rampage shooters† commit suicide, after feeling the sway of emotions from killing innocent victims. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he demonstrates the actions and emotions of guilt that lead up to a characters suicide. In the real world, people commit actions that causes sways of emotion, primarily guilt, that cause the individual to commit suicide. In this paper, I will present some of the ways a person’s guilt influences suicidal actions and thoughtsRead More The contemporary Hollywood blockbuster is not so much a film as a dev1631 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowing Christmas. The horror film The Omen (1976) further demonstrated the power of novelisations. T he book sold over 3 million paperback copies of the book during the release of the film. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On a much grander scale, The Great Gatsby(1974) which was produced by Robert Evans at Paramount Studios had a revolutionary merchandising campaign. Robert Evans and Paramount’s then Promotions director Charles O. Glenn assembled a product tie-in scheme valued at $6million. The purposeRead MoreEvents Of Instruction And Evaluating The Learners764 Words   |  4 Pagesthe learners are motivated to get interested and develop the project. This can help students because they can use their creativity to demonstrate their prior experience. Inclusion students can be academically successful to demonstrate their written reports with creativity and show their knowledge and skills in literacy. Robert Gagne (1985) theory was implemented in nine events of instruction. Brown and Green (2016) focused on each of Gagne’s events of instruction with one instructional activity soRead MoreReflection Paper About Literacy1154 Words   |  5 Pagestrack of the results, and the top readers would receive prizes from pizza hut. Additionally, in the beginning, composing only consisted of writing about what one wanted to be when they grew up. Towards the end of my elementary school career, book reports haunted every quarter of fourth grade. As mentioned above, after the initial realization that school included work, I could not be more thankful that I had an educational opportunity that countless young people, especially girls, do not receive. MoreoverRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald3313 Words   |  14 Pagestheir peers. Fans are also putting more pressure on these athletes by gambling. These star athletes now not only feel like they need to beat their opponents bu t they have to beat them enough to also win the spread. Based on various research and the novels, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Boost by Kathy Mackel sports are being corrupted by players cheating, players not being able to stay out of trouble, and fans gambling more frequently as time goes on. Athletes are so much more than justRead MoreA Short Note On Social Problems With Youth1551 Words   |  7 PagesHim YEUNG Christopher Cook SOC 201 5 Jun 2015 Social Problems Research Paper Why there are so much alcoholic problems with youth in the United States? United States has the highest legal drinking age in countries that drinking are legal though at the same time, we have one of the worst drinking problem in the world. Why? Alcohol abuse are usually defined as having 5 drinks or more in a short amount of time. Some even drink so much that they can be diagnosed under the guidelines that they have mentalRead MoreThe Career Of A Veterinarian1237 Words   |  5 PagesA quote from F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby once said, â€Å"I was within and without, simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the inexhaustible variety of life.† The career of a Veterinarian is a sensational and phenomenal feeling, you’ll be introduced to new people, animals, types of medicines and treatments. This research will describe the different careers in the Veterinary field, what the necessities are to become successful and what type of impact this career has on society. This career

Revolutionary Antiseptic Technique Free Essays

Joseph Lister’s Revolutionary Antiseptic Technique Kundhavaidevi Balamurugan AH 9 Block 13-3-2018 It was October 26, 1877 in King’s College and a boy had fractured his patella, or kneecap. A few decades ago doctors would have deemed his case of hopeless, advising him to amputate. But it was 1877– the height of surgical advancements!– and there was an alternative option– wiring his patella was proposed. We will write a custom essay sample on Revolutionary Antiseptic Technique or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wiring his patella entailed a deliberate conversion of a simple fracture into a compound fracture, which were often associated with infection and even death. The procedure itself was deemed preposterous by the public and other medical professionals, receiving harsh criticism. The boy would surely die of infection. But his doctor remained confident in his procedure. The doctor had invented antiseptic technique, which would prevent contamination of the surgical equipment and infection of the wound. He used carbolic acid to create antiseptic conditions to perform the surgery. The conditions made the surgery was a success! The surgeon to perform this controversial surgery was Joseph Lister, an innovative and influential surgeon. His creation of antiseptic treatment, based off of germ theory, was the influential innovation surgical history. It had revolutionized surgery, allowing complex surgeries to be performed, lowering mortality rates and increasing the safety of procedures. Joseph Lister, Baron Lister of Lyme Regis was born on April 5, 1827 in Upton, Essex, England. He was the son of Joseph Jackson Lister and Isabelle Harris. Both his father and his mother took an active part in his education, teaching him natural history and how to use a microscope. He received formal schooling in two Quaker schools which emphasized science and natural history. By age 16, Joseph Lister decided he wanted to pursue a career in the medical field-specifically to become a surgeon. He attended the University College in London and became House Surgeon at University College Hospital in 1856, after receiving a Bachelor of Honors with Medicine in October 1852. He got his fellowship in Royal College of Surgeons and studied under James Syme, a renowned surgeon in Edinburgh. He later becomes Syme’s son-in-law after marrying his daughter, Agnes Syme.In his early years as a surgeon, he researched inflammation, which was considered a specific disease at the time. He studied the microscopic healing of wounds, specifically the mechanism of coagulation of blood and blood vessels during the first stages of inflammation. This served as a background to his work in wound dressing and his development of antiseptic treatment.He worked as a dresser for Sir Erichsen, a physician that believed that wounds become infected due to bad air. The miasma theory claimed that concentrated bad air can infect the wound. But in dressing the wounds, he had realized that when wounds were cleaned, some had healed. Early in his career he had not believed in miasma, a popular theory of the time in the medical field.He was appointed Regius Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow at the age of 33, in August 1861. Though he was a professor, he did not attain Glasgow Royal Infirmary privileges till a year later, his request initially denied. He became in charge of the Male Accident Ward, a new surgical block.Many patients in the Male Accident Ward suffered compound fractures, which was commonly treated with amputation. Lister observed that 45 to 50 percent of amputation patients died from sepsis between 1861 and 1865. Later he read Louis Pasteur’s paper on germ theory, a theory that stated microorganisms cause infection. Lister hypothesized that the same process that caused fermentation was also involved in wound sepsis. He postulated that sepsis was caused by pollen-like dust. He believed the only mode of contamination was by air. To disinfect wounds, he applied carbolic acid, which was commonly used to disinfect sewage at the time. He sprayed carbolic acid in the air, onto the equipment, and onto the wound to disinfect and prevent infection or contamination. He used this method on the the patients of his ward for several years. Using phenol as an antiseptic reduced the mortality rate of the Male Accident Ward to 15 percent in 4 years.His practice was very different than of his peers. Others in the medical field did not wash bed linens and lab coats, using the same equipment for patients.They had believed that infection and contamination was caused by â€Å"bad air, as the miasma theory entailed, and hence did not see the reason for sterile equipment and techniques. As a result when he published two papers on antiseptic technique on the Lancet in March and July 1967, his colleagues criticized his methods. The source of doubt was because the microorganisms were not visible to the naked eye, and hence did not exist. His work was misunderstood and his colleagues demanded proof. He altered the administration of the carbolic acid, spraying it now with a machine he called a donkey engine. The donkey engine increased efficiency of the application of carbolic acid. He increasingly used this method on surgeries and the results were positive. Patients approved of his methods. Germany, the United States, and eventually Great Britain accepted and adopted his approach to antiseptic technique. In 1871, he operated on Queen Victoria, who had a large abscess on her armpit. Lister lanced the abscess with a sharp tool, drained the pus, dressed the wound, and treated it with carbolic acid. The queen approved of Lister’s methods involving carbolic acid. This nod of approval from the queen of the United Kingdom encouraged his peers in the medical field to accept antiseptic technique. Though his technique was not accepted during a majority of his lifetime, antiseptic treatment revolutionized surgical procedures. Infection and contamination of the wounds was less common. Surgery was no longer dangerous, lowering mortality rates and increasing success rates. It is quite a feat to dispute a widely popular medical theory and to continue practicing though his colleagues ridiculed his technique. He was creative, too, using phenol, a carbolic acid used to disinfect sewage, to dress wounds. His work revolutionized medicine, a field that is slow to change. Though his techniques are no longer used, it served as the gateway to develop better antiseptic and aseptic techniques. His ability to be nonconformist to popular belief and create antiseptic technique was the most innovative occurence of the 20th century.10 Intriguing Facts About Joseph Lister. (2017, September 12). Retrieved March 01, 2018, from http://mentalfloss.com/article/503311/10-intriguing-facts-about-joseph-lister Science Museum. Brought to Life: Exploring the History of Medicine. (n.d.). Retrieved March 01, 2018, from http://broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/josephlister Pitt, D., ; Aubin, J. (2012, October). Retrieved March 01, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3468637/ Cartwright, F. F. (2017, November 16). Joseph Lister. Retrieved March 01, 2018, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/ Joseph-Lister-Baron-Lister-of-Lyme-RegisFulton, A. (2017, October 13). ‘The Butchering Art’: How A 19th Century Physician Made Surgery Safer. Retrieved March 01, 2018, from https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/10/13/557367840/the-butchering-art-how-a-19th-century-physician-made-surgery-safer How to cite Revolutionary Antiseptic Technique, Papers Revolutionary Antiseptic Technique Free Essays Joseph Lister’s Revolutionary Antiseptic Technique Kundhavaidevi BalamuruganAH 9 Block 13-3-2018 It was October 26, 1877, in King’s College and a boy had fractured his patella, also known as a kneecap. A few decades ago doctors would have deemed his case of hopeless, advising him to amputate. It was 1877 though– the height of surgical advancements!– and there was an alternative option– wiring his patella was proposed. We will write a custom essay sample on Revolutionary Antiseptic Technique or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wiring his patella required converting a simple fracture into a compound fracture deliberately, which was often associated with infection and even death (Cartwright, 2017). The procedure itself was deemed preposterous by the public and other medical professionals, receiving harsh criticism. The boy would surely die of infection. His doctor, however, remained confident in his procedure. The doctor had invented antiseptic technique, which would prevent contamination of the surgical equipment and infection of the wound. He used carbolic acid to create antiseptic conditions to perform the surgery. The conditions made the surgery was a success! The surgeon to perform this controversial surgery was Joseph Lister, an innovative and influential surgeon. His creation of antiseptic treatment, based off of germ theory, was the most influential innovation in surgical history. It had revolutionized surgery, allowing complex surgeries to be performed, lowering mortality rates and increasing the safety of procedures.Joseph Lister, Baron Lister of Lyme Regis was born on April 5, 1827, in Upton, Essex, England. He was the son of Joseph Jackson Lister and Isabelle Harris. Both his father and his mother took an active part in his education, teaching him how to use a microscope (Mental Floss, 2017). He received formal schooling in two Quaker schools which further emphasized science and natural history. By age 16, Joseph Lister decided he wanted to pursue a career in the medical field, specifically to become a surgeon. He attended the University College in London and became House Surgeon at University College Hospital in 1856, after receiving a Bachelor of Honors in Medicine in October 1852. He got his fellowship in Royal College of Surgeons and studied under James Syme, a renowned surgeon in Edinburgh. He later became Syme’s son-in-law after marrying his daughter, Agnes Syme. On their honeymoon, Lister and his wife visited French and German institutes that inspired Agnes Lister to become Joseph Lister’s laboratory assistant. In Lister’s early years as a surgeon, he researched inflammation, which was considered a specific disease at the time. He studied the microscopic healing of wounds, specifically the â€Å"mechanism of coagulation of blood and blood vessels during the first stages of inflammation† (Cartwright, 2017). This served as a background to his work in wound dressing and his development of antiseptic treatment.He worked as a dresser for Sir Erichsen, a physician that believed that wounds become infected due to bad air. The miasma theory, which was popular at the time, claimed that concentrated bad air can infect the wound. At the time, miasma was thought to be the cause of spread of disease and infection. The origins of the miasma theory can be traced back to ancient China and Europe. Miasma is comparable to smoke, mist, or fog: air can carry miasma. Air carrying miasma was considered contaminated. The cause of miasma varied– some believed it was from moisture and heat while others thought it originated from rotting organic matter like dead insects. Early in his career, he had not believed in miasma. In dressing the wounds, Lister had realized that when wounds were cleaned, some had healed. He reasoned that if some wounds could be healed, it was highly unlikely that the â€Å"bad air† was the cause of disease and infection.Lister’s first major surgery was on a woman named Julia Sullivan. Her drunk husband had stabbed her abdomen on a night out and her intestines were exposed. The injury had caused her to pass out. Joseph Lister was the only one present at the facility due to the odd hours (it was early in the morning). At this point of his career, he became house surgeon to Sir Erichsen when Lister’s predecessor stepped down. He had only been in this position for a month when this incident occurred. He cleaned the wound with warm water, extended the cut on the abdomen, sutured the intestines, then sutured the abdomen with a single thread as opposed to multiple threads (Richardson ; Rhodes, 2013). This surgery was controversial at the time but it was effective. This manner of surgery is consistent throughout his career: unconventional, controversial, yet effective.He was appointed Regius Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow at the age of 33, in August 1861. Though he was a professor, he did not attain Glasgow Royal Infirmary privileges until a year later, his request initially denied. He became in charge of the Male Accident Ward, a new surgical block at the infirmary(Pitt ; Aubin, 2012).Many patients in the Male Accident Ward suffered compound fractures, which was commonly treated with amputation. Lister observed that 45 to 50 percent of amputation patients died from sepsis between 1861 and 1865. Later he read Louis Pasteur’s paper on the germ theory, a theory that stated microorganisms cause infection, as opposed to bad air as proposed by the miasma theory that was popular at the time. Lister hypothesized that the â€Å"same process that caused fermentation was also involved in wound sepsis†. He postulated that sepsis was caused by â€Å"pollen-like dust† (Cartwright, 2017) . He believed the only mode of contamination was by air. To disinfect wounds, he applied carbolic acid, which was commonly used to disinfect sewage at the time. He sprayed carbolic acid in the air, onto the equipment, and onto the wound to disinfect and prevent infection or contamination. He used this method on the patients of his ward for several years. The results of his technique was positive. Using phenol as an antiseptic reduced the mortality rate of the Male Accident Ward to 15 percent in 4 years.His practice was very different than of his peers. Others in the medical field did not wash bed linens and lab coats, using the same equipment for patients.They had believed that infection and contamination were caused by â€Å"bad air†, as the miasma theory entailed, and hence did not see the reason for sterile equipment and techniques. As a result, when he published two papers on antiseptic technique on the Lancet in March and July 1967, his colleagues criticized his methods. The source of doubt was because the microorganisms were not visible to the naked eye. If they were not visible, they did not exist. His work was misunderstood and his colleagues demanded proof of his technique being effective (Cartwright, 2017). He altered the administration of the carbolic acid, spraying it now with a machine he called a donkey engine. The donkey engine increased the efficiency of the application of carbolic acid. He increasingly used this method on surgeries and the results were positive. Patients approved of his methods. Germany, the United States, and eventually Great Britain accepted and adopted his approach to antiseptic technique. In 1871, he operated on Queen Victoria, who had a large abscess on her armpit. Lister lanced the abscess with a sharp tool, drained the pus, dressed the wound, and treated it with carbolic acid (Fulton, 2017). The Queen approved of Lister’s methods involving carbolic acid. This nod of approval from the Queen of the United Kingdom encouraged his peers in the medical field to accept antiseptic technique. Though his technique was not accepted during a majority of his lifetime, antiseptic treatment revolutionized surgical procedures. Infection and contamination of the wounds were less common. Surgery was no longer dangerous, lowering mortality rates and increasing success rates. It is quite a feat to dispute a widely popular medical theory and to continue practicing though his colleagues ridiculed his technique. He was creative, too, using phenol, a carbolic acid used to disinfect sewage, to dress wounds. His work revolutionized medicine, a field that is slow to change. His work in antiseptic technique inspired the brand Listerine to name themselves after Joseph Lister. Though his techniques are no longer used, it served as the gateway to developing better antiseptic and aseptic techniques. His ideas and approach to antiseptic technique influence our culture and our behavior from our cleansing our mouths with mouthwash in the morning to disinfecting our clothing to using Bactine to disinfect cuts and minor open wounds. His ability to be nonconformist to popular belief and create antiseptic technique was the most innovative occurrence of the 20th century.10 Intriguing Facts About Joseph Lister. (2017, September  12). Retrieved March 01, 2018, from http://mentalfloss.com/article/503311/10-intriguing-facts-about-joseph-listerCartwright, F. F. (2017, November 16). Joseph Lister. Retrieved March 01, 2018, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Lister-Baron-Lister-of-Lyme-RegisFulton, A. (2017, October 13). ‘The Butchering Art’: How A 19th Century Physician Made Surgery Safer. Retrieved March 01, 2018, from https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/10/13/557367840/the-butchering-art-how-a-19th-century-physician-made-surgery-saferPitt, D., ; Aubin, J. (2012, October). Retrieved March 01, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3468637/Richardson, R., ; Rhodes, B. (2013, December 20). Retrieved March 1, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3826195/Science Museum. Brought to Life: Exploring the History of Medicine. (n.d.). Retrieved March 01, 2018, from http://broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/josephlister How to cite Revolutionary Antiseptic Technique, Papers

Food Marketing Plan Advertisement

Question: Discuss about the Food Marketing Plan Advertisement. Answer: Introduction There is no such desert in the market that appeals to the adult. Whenever, someone thinks of deserts, it is considered to be for the children. However, the adults do also love to eat deserts. To meet the expectation of the adult and to offer them the kind of desert that the adults would love to eat, a new desert has been launched. The desert is named Panama Choco-Berry Desert. This is a hand-made chocolate that has a special flavor of berry that can be customized as per the choice of the customers. The customers can choose different variety of berries such as black berry, blue berry or strawberry depending upon the taste and preference. In this report, the complete marketing strategy of the product launch has been discussed and further, it has also been mention how this desert is different from the others that are available in the market. Distribution for the product launch has been given to best retail companies such as Woolworths and Coles. The report has been based on the consumer behavior and the market mix. The report presents the specification about the products and the targeted market. Further it highlights the packaging and labelling of the product and the POP strategy adopted for the product launch. Product Specification The product is a hand-made desert made by keeping in mind the taste and preferences of the adult people. Panama Choco-Berry Desert is a special desert as it is made instantly after the order is placed by the customer in less than 5 minutes and customized as per the requirement of the customers. The berry flavor can be modified by choosing the preferred berry and also the desert can be eaten hot or cold. This special customization makes it a special desert that can easily be loved by any adult, Target Market It is evident that while preparing the desert, people keep in mind the preferences of children as they are the ones that are fonder of deserts and chocolates. There are no such deserts available for the adults in the market and thus the product would mainly attract and target the adults as the concept of the product has been developed based on their preferences and taste of. The product distribution has been given to big retail companies such as Woolworths and Coles as the aim is to reach the maximum adults in all the places especially in Australia. Marketing Mix The four Ps of marketing mix plan of the product has been explained below: Products The intangible attributes of the product is its ability to meet the customers need and expectation. The product gives satisfaction to the adult of enjoying the type of desert that is made to fulfill their needs. The special feature of the product is the concept of live desert making with customized flavor that would make the people happier. Price The product is premium in quality as it has premium features like customized flavors and live baking, and also, the product has been launched in the market through the leading retailers in Australia such as Woolworths and Coles. This is reflected in the price of the product as the price is a premium price since it is the only desert that are meant for the adult. Distribution The product distribution is given to Woolworths and Coles. Each of them have been provided with the ready to make packages of the desert that takes less than 5 minutes and can easily be combined with the desired berry flavor. Woolworths and Coles, being the leading retailers would definitely be an easy place for the customers to reach the product. Promotion There were deserts but they were for the children but this one is for the adults. Promotion is done extensively so that it could reach the people that this product, unlike other deserts, is meant especially for the adults. The promotion is done through advertisement in newspapers, televisions, big hoarding, and banners in retail shops. Incorporation of appropriate strategies to interrupt routine behaviour at point of sale When a new product launches the main problem it faces is consumer behaviour. The main task of marketing lies here. Since the consumers are habituated of earlier available deserts as well as in a view that desserts are not for adults, it will be really difficult to change the way they perceive things (Solomon 2014). The first step shall be to know how and on what basis shall consumers make decision to get a dessert or not, A group shall be formed to study those decision making process so as to focus on touch points. Tools both web based and over the phone shall be developed to record feedbacks of customers. Social media chatter will also be continuously monitored as they have become an integral part of human life. All the reviews and recommendation gained will be studied extensively to understand consumers and the market. Also all reviews shall be replied by the proper team. PR and Loyalty programmes will be introduced to influence consumer decision making. Development of an effective branding strategy: Positioning a brand with the changing tastes and preferences of customers is crucial for sustainability and long lasting impact on the truest factor of any product (Govers and Go 2016). A chocolate company needs to develop newer flavours with lower calorie levels in order to keep its loyal clientele base intact and also for spreading its business in new territories and target new customers. In view of emergence of different companies with their innovative products, established brands have their task cut out to produce better quality and attractive flavours to entice customers (Rosenbaum-Elliott et al. 2015). Development of an effective branding strategy calls for several factors to be implemented by a company in order to realize its goals and objectives in an effective manner. These factors are: Innovative flavours: Innovative flavoured chocolates drive the growth quotient of the company, which are mainly targeted towards a new clientele base, especially the adult market portfolio. Ever since chocolate companies started developing their products for commercial purposes, they did not use to distinguish between youth and adult segments as separate target segments as chocolate was liked by everybody, irrespective of diversity in terms of age, profile, race or religion (Park, MacInnis and Eisingerich 2016). Now-a-days, companies are more focused on producing flavours which has an adult flair in it like alcohol, bacon or cookie dough. Healthy products: Considering the fact that these days consumers are becoming more and more health conscious, chocolate companies are cashing in on the health benefits of its customers by producing dark chocolates which have high levels of flavonoids which is considered good for the heart. These chocolates have anti-inflammatory properties which augur well for its targeted customers and thus they position their branding strategy accordingly. More access: Increased accessibility is a critical factor while building a brand strategy targeted towards the adult segment. They try to position their products in such a manner that they are clearly and easily visible by the customers and entice them in purchasing the same (Hayran and Grhan-Canli 2016). Since adult chocolates are mainly of premium variety, they are stocked at departmental stores and high end retail outlets, thereby tapping a niche segment of customers, who prefer to have these brands more compared to the regular ones, which also garner high volumes from regular customers. Lesser price for lesser size: Some makers of premium chocolate are driving the growth of their company by building certain brands which are smaller versions of their parent ones. The purpose of positioning these brands in this way is to generate the initial interest in it and gradually increase the size and price of these brands as more number of customers start purchasing the same with their increase in income factor (Young 2014). Special indulgence: This factor drives the growth potential of the companies through campaigns like chocolate is a gift for someone else including the person who gifts it. Resorting to this slogan increases its brand visibility in the minds of adult consumers, thereby doing away with the guilt quotient. Packaging and labeling: Incorporation of appropriate strategies with regard to packaging and labeling holds a significant role in realizing broader goals and objectives of a chocolate manufacturer. Successful implementation of the same is achieved through careful planning and analysis of the trends of consumers in terms of tastes and preferences, income level and health factor among others (Norton, Fryer and Parkinson 2013). It is very important for the manufacturers of chocolates in both Australia and New Zealand to abide by the stricter rules and regulations pertaining to packaging and labeling of ingredients. According to the rule, the list of ingredients should be placed and marked in descending order, starting with the manufacturing stage and ending with the final packaging stage (Skaczkowski et al. 2016). The ingredient which constitutes the highest proportion among all shall be listed on the top of the pack, followed by those which have lesser proportions compared to the first one (Rundh and Rundh 2016). There are certain exceptions with respect to certain ingredients like added water, which sometimes loses its volume due to evaporation. It can be discounted for listing on the product pack provided it constitutes less than 5% of the end product or if it is used for reconfiguration of ingredients which get dehydrated (Degenhardt 2015). Since chocolate is a compound ingredient, as most of the food products are, all the ingredients must be listed chronologically like the proportion of cocoa, sugar, water, color compounds, eggs and others. Since most packaged foods have to adhere to the rules and obligations of proper labeling, comparison becomes easier for the consumers. For example, strawberries would be listed in percentage terms with regard to a compound like strawberry yoghurt. Similarly, for chocolates, percentage of cocoa is mentioned on the packaged food. POP strategy: POP (point of purchase) strategy is all about product advertising in a unique way through displays and pop advertising, promotion of customer benefits to suit their preferences and assisting them while the same is being purchased (Hunt 2014). It is represented by time and place of the elements of sale that are product, price, money and consumer. Varying diversity of communication vehicle boosts the competing factors of the manufacturing firms so that there remains no confusion and ambiguity (Norton, Fryer and Parkinson 2013). Innovative methodologies have been incorporated in several products and chocolate industry is one, where its effectiveness is vast considering its instant gratification power. Positioning of gums and candies are crucial because they contribute a significant percentage to the overall sales of a firm. Similarly, medium priced and premium priced products are positioned differently with regard to its pop strategy. They need to be projected in a different manner so as to target its intended customers who are ready to pay the premium (Young 2014). Social media is a popular tool for promoting premium brands where consumers have the option of openly endorsing the brand and spread its popularity among their friends and communities. Conclusion The main aim of the report is to develop an effective marketing strategy for Panama Choco-Berry Desert. The promotion of a new product depends on the effective implementation of a well-constructed marketing strategy. Panama Choco-Berry Desert is superior quality of hand-made desert that is made and delivered as per the order. The price of the product is high as it is a premium quality of product for the adults. On the other hand, the responsibility for distributing the product is given to Woolworths and Coles as they are the leading supermarket chain. The promotional activity will be done effectively as it is a new product ands hence, it needs more awareness. Due to be a brand new product, an effective branding strategy is taken into consideration to make the people aware about the new product. To make the product popular, innovative taste is added with healthy features in the product. On the other hand, the labeling and packaging needs to be done in such a way that the product becom es attractive to the customer. Hence, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that the success of a new product in the market depends on the development and implementation of effective marketing strategy. References: Degenhardt, C., 2015. Serving size and packaging cues: Mixed messages?.Food Australia,67(3), p.28. Govers, R. and Go, F., 2016.Place branding: Glocal, virtual and physical identities, constructed, imagined and experienced. Springer. Hayran, C. and Grhan-Canli, Z., 2016. Brand extensions.The Routledge Companion to Contemporary Brand Management, p.136. Hunt, S.D., 2014.Marketing Theory: Foundations, Controversy, Strategy, and Resource-advantage Theory. Routledge. Norton, J.E., Fryer, P.J. and Parkinson, J.A., 2013. The effect of reduced-fat labelling on chocolate expectations.Food Quality and Preference,28(1), pp.101-105. Park, C.W., MacInnis, D.J. and Eisingerich, A.B., 2016. Brand architecture design and brand naming decisions.The Routledge Companion to Contemporary Brand Management, p.109. Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., Elliott, R.H., Percy, L. and Pervan, S., 2015.Strategic brand management. Oxford University Press, USA. Rundh, B. and Rundh, B., 2016. The role of packaging within marketing and value creation.British Food Journal,118(10), pp.2491-2511. Skaczkowski, G., Durkin, S., Kashima, Y. and Wakefield, M., 2016. The effect of packaging, branding and labeling on the experience of unhealthy food and drink: A review.Appetite,99, pp.219-234. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Tonkin, E., Coveney, J., Meyer, S.B., Wilson, A.M. and Webb, T., 2016. Managing uncertainty about food risksConsumer use of food labelling.Appetite,107, pp.242-252. Young, A., 2014.Brand media strategy: integrated communications planning in the digital era. Springer.

Conference On Emerging Trends In Mechanical -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Conference On Emerging Trends In Mechanical? Answer: Introduction Six Sigma programs is a process of improvement in the organizational performance. The main aim of the implementing six sigma tool is to bring improvement in the quality process by detecting and reducing the causes of defects. This also minimizes the variability in the manufacturing process (Furterer, 2016). A set of quality management methods and statistical methods is included in six sigma tool. An organization is able to create a special infrastructure in an organization by applying six sigma tool. However, this tool reduces the process cycle time, pollution and operating cost. Apart from this, it helps the organization to increase the customer satisfaction and profit in the context of a business. This study deals with the implementation of six sigma tool in the context of 3M, Inc. Action plan According to the given scenario, 3M, Inc has decided to implement six sigma programs to enhance their financial performance and the customer satisfaction level. 3M, Inc is a leading organization of electronics, healthcare products, safety, industrial products and office products. This company has diversified technology (Arthur Linderman, 2007). This company was facing flat financial performance and need to bring improvement in this area. For this reason, they have implemented six sigma programs. The following steps are followed to implement the six sigma program: Steps Action plan Outcomes Step 1 (2 week) Introduction of the six sigma programs Enhances the overall organizational performance Step 2 (12 weeks) Select the people and trained them Improve the performance level of the individuals Step 3 (6 weeks) Development and implement the improvement plan Identify the loopholes of the existing system Step 4 (2 weeks) Monitor and evaluate the implemented plan Measures the effectiveness of the implemented plan Step 5 (2 weeks) Sustain the gains Maintains the continuous improvement Table 1: Action plan for the implementation of six sigma programs (Source: Author) Benefits, cost and risks of the six sigma program Six Sigma programs have various benefits in enhancing the organizational performance. It also involves in increasing the quality as well as financial performance of the organization. According to the given scenario, 3M, Inc has implemented the six sigma programs to improve their financial performance (Arthur Linderman, 2007). However, six sigma program is a methodology that allows a business to reduce inefficiencies and operating cost by identifying the wasteful processes from the operating process (Ozkan et al., 2017). In the context of 3M, Inc implementation of six sigma program was beneficial to bring a greater return from the research and development in the context of this operations. On the other hand it had increased the quality of the service, operating process and customer satisfaction. The sales revenue of 3M, Inc had been increased by the implementation of the six sigma program as this program includes a training program for the middle managers in this organization. The fi nancial departments were able to tackle the all projects as a result savings had done in a proper way. Such financial departments had to use a tracking system in the Six Sigma program, which reduced the defects and calculate the savings. 3M, Inc had changed their working process by this program and had observed the significant result. Product design is another benefit of the six sigma program. In the context of 3M, Inc they were able to specify the product along with the reduction of risks from product portfolio. Computer simulations of design and quality function deployment were the major tools that had been used in six sigma programs to improve the product. Employment training is a big part of the six sigma programs (Callahan Roberts, 2017). In the context of 3M, Inc almost 1700 employees were trained under the six sigma programs and there were 600 projects in this organization in which almost 3000 people are involved. Many projects were in control phase that ensures that the improvements were taking place. The team of six sigma measured that significant outcomes were accounted and the achieved results were sustained. In the context of 3M, Inc after the implementation of the six sigma program their sales had been increased. In the year 2003, their sales were less than $10 billion which increased up to $20 billion that is 65% increased by the year 2012. One of the major risks of sigma programs is the blockage of creativity, innovation and the development of new products (Martin, de Camargo Zambelo, 2016). 3M, Inc also suffered innovation challenges by the implementation of six sigma programs. Apart from this complexity of the program and difficulties in measuring the outcomes of the business are the others risks of six sigma programs. Therefore, six sigma is a complex process and consists of many statistics. Therefore, the training program for a full time black belt to improve the quality is too costly. Six Sigma programs is a costly process and 3M, Inc expended $100,000 to implement this program. Various functional areas in 3M, Inc be included in six sigma initiatives and the role of the seniors and middle management According to the current scenario, various functional areas of 3M, Inc were included in the six sigma programs. Hence, the activities are taken to improve the performance of the organization rather than the quality of the products. It is important for 3M, Inc to include each and every area of their business operation in the six sigma initiatives. The productivity of the organization is a crucial area that needs to be improved to enhance the profitability (Al-Aomar Chaudhry, 2018). 3M, Inc should enhance their productivity by identifying the manufacturing issues in their organization as productivity is related to the manufacturing process. By the implementation of new technology in the manufacturing process will be helpful to increase the productivity (Nadeau, 2017). Incorporation of the modern technology will be beneficial to change the traditional way of manufacturing and to bring rapid growth in the business. However, 3M, Inc had the low yield in their manufacturing process, which has been identified by the six sigma programs. Thus, by incorporating the productivity area into six sigma initiatives this organization can identify other loopholes in their manufacturing process. In order to improve the financial performance cost reduction is necessary for a business (He et al., 2017). In the context of 3M, Inc they should incorporate the supply chain management process in the six sigma initiatives. This will help such organization to purchase their raw materials in a smarter way, which saves the business cost. However, if the organization can reduce the raw materials cost then they will be able to provide the customers cost-effective and beneficial products. Financial planning should be taken under the six sigma program. However, it is important for a business to make a financial planning properly to reduce the cost. For this reason, cost management is crucial (Albliwi et al., 2017). By following the six sigma initiatives 3M, Inc will be able to manage the indirect cost reduction in their operating process. This will help them to bring significant growth in their financial performance. Apart from this innovation should be incorporated into the six sigma prog ram. Hence, it is important for 3M, Inc to put their innovation as well as product designing process under the six sigma programs as it will help this organization to improve their product design process by quality function deployment tool and computer simulation tool. Seniors and middle managers have to carry out huge responsibilities in the implementation of the six sigma programs in an organization as they are the major managerial heads of an organization (Hwang, Lee Seo, 2017). In the context of 3M, Inc the middle managers and senior managers play the role of the trainer and the senior executives take the training from them. However, the salaried executives also receive green belt training in the six sigma program. Role of six sigma programs in corporate strategy Six Sigma brings changes in a business. However, an organization incorporates six sigma tool in their business to refine their business process and to improve the value of an organization (Albliwi et al., 2017). Six Sigma program includes the concept of to enhance the existing business process and by saving the cost and increasing the customer satisfaction. Six Sigma program consists of two models that are the DMAIC improvement model, which focuses on the process definition, analysis, measurement, improvement and the control. Another model is DFSS model, which highlights the needs of the customers and product specification based on the customer demand (Mahato, Rai Dixit Agrawal, 2017). In the context of 3M, Inc their financial performance is not significant. Customer dissatisfaction is one of the major causes of such issues, which is also related to the low financial growth in this organization. However, application of the six sigma program is helpful for the corporate strategy as it is beneficial for an organization to improve the skill of the employees (Kaushik Kumar, 2017). In the context of 3M, Inc six sigma program includes the training program, which is associated with the improvement of the employee performance. Employee training is the part of the corporate strategy that is fulfilled by the six sigma training program. Sis sigma program involves in the enhancement of the productivity by product specification. Productivity improvement is another part of the corporate strategy. Hence, six sigma programs contribute more in meeting the goal of such corporate strategy in the context of 3M, Inc. However, the establishment of a customer-centric business by satisfying the customers is a vital goal of the corporate strategy. According to the current scenario, 3M, Inc can give more concentration on the customer needs by the implementation of six sigma methodology as it helps to improve the product feature by making changes in the product design process. Growth, cost reduction, and cash savings are the main three corporate strategies that can be fulfilled by the application of six sigma program (Patel,2017). According to the case scenario, 3M, Inc has implemented six sigma methodologies in their business to improve their financial performance. To enhance the growth they need to satisfy their customers. By applying this six sigma program the customers can see a financially healthy company along with solid investment. On the other hand, six sigma program helps this organization to improve their leadership skill and offer more competitive product and leadership skill. Cost reduction can be done in the operating process of 3M, Inc by identifying the defects from the existing system, which enhances the productivity (Roger et al., 2013). This is another positive outcome of six sigma program. DMAIC model of six sigma program defines the blueprints of the business strategy (Chen, Chen Chang, 2017). In the context of 3M, Inc this model ident ifies the current economic situation or current market. The next step is the measured phase where the baseline of operation is measured in 3M, Inc. In this phase, the data is collected to understand how the company is racking. In the analyze phase 3M, Inc can identify their strength, weakness, threat, and opportunities. In the improvement phase, this organization is able to implement their business strategy and to take necessary actions to reduce the loopholes from their business performance. Finally, in the control phase 3M, Inc is able to measure the company performance against their strategy by conducting the monitoring process. Hence, to complete such steps 3M, Inc should include six sigma program to enhance their corporate strategy. Human resource implication for deploying six sigma An organization needs to allocate right human resources for the deployment of six sigma programs. 3M, Inc needs to manage the human resource implication to deploy the six sigma programs in their organization. However, six sigma programs include many steps, which require specific human resources. Such selected human resources need to have multiple skills and a clear understanding about the end to end operation in an organization (Mefford et al., 2017). The resources should have business knowledge, product knowledge, and technical knowledge to reduce the technical complication from the business process. 3M, Inc has implemented six sigma programs and the middle and senior managers are provided training to the senior executives to enhance their technical as well as other skills. On the other hand, a large number of workforces is required to give shape the six sigma programs as it includes many steps. In the context of 3M, Inc about 1,700 employees are given the training to improve their skills. This ensures that strong human resources are involved in managing the six sigma programs. This organization has 600 projects and more than 3,000 people are associated with these projects. To deploy a six sigma program coordination between each stage of the resources is required (Ben Romdhane, Badreddine Sansa, 2017). However, lack of coordination between the resources causes poor outcomes from this methodology and the entire process can be less effective. In the context of 3M, Inc they have provided training to their employees but there should be a good coordination between employees to give shape the plan. However, if the team or an employee is not compatible with the six sigma project due to lack of knowledge and skill need to be changed in another project. In the context of 3M, Inc to get a better outcome they need to use a different set of knowledge and skill for their every project. This organization has improved the knowledge of the employees first then allows them to involve in their six sigma project. Six Sigma project affects the innovative culture Six Sigma program is effective for the continuous improvement of the quality in an organization but it hinders the innovative culture in an organization. Application of six sigma methodology often blocks the creativity, innovation and the product development process (Nupur, Gandhi, Solanki Jha,, 2018). 3M, Inc has faced challenges in measuring their organizational outcomes due to the implementation of the six sigma programs. Six Sigma programs reduce the inefficiencies of the system (Mefford et al., 2017). According to the scenario, 3M, Inc has followed the rules of six sigma program, as a result, the strong restriction on the error resists this organization to develop a creative product. However, to make something new this organization need to take the risk. As per the given scenario, six sigma resists the 3M, Inc to do something creative in RD. Hence, six sigma programs do not allow the organization to take a risk; as a result, they are forced to avoid innovation and creativity. On the other hand, training cost is another loophole of six sigma as maximum business organizations cannot afford such cost. In order to complete this phase of six sigma creativity of an organization is hampered due to the lack of financial resources. There has been huge argumentative discussion regarding the effectiveness of six sigma programs over the media. Based on the findings it can be said that six sigma is not enough as a balance should be made between the creativity of the organization and the implementation of six sigma. As per the case study, it has been observed that application of six sigma methodology in 3M, Inc inhibits the product development in this organization in terms of R D (Research and Development) innovation. For an organization, it is important to bring innovation in their business and research to develop something new to enhance the customer satisfaction. Following the six sigma programs, an organization is not able to incorporate new ideas as new ideas always include risk and six sigma methodologies always focuson the reduction of risk to secure an organization financially (Hwang, Lee Seo, 2017). Based on this principle of six sigma program, the innovation of 3M, Inc is affected. Thus, six sigma programs are not enough for an organization to enhance the complete growth. Conclusion The entire study gives a brief account of the application of six sigma programs in the context of 3M, Inc. It has been found that six sigma programs affect the innovation in an organization as 3M, Inc has suffered to innovate something new in their RD. Therefore, the financial performance of 3M, Inc is stagnant thus to improve this condition they have implemented the six sigma programs. It has been observed that six sigma program is beneficial to reduce cost and save the cash flow. Skilled employees are the major requirement of six sigma program. 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